rdf-syntax-grammar
mods:
  schema location: http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
  title info:
    title: Différenciation et articulation dans les systèmes d'enseignement supérieur en Afrique
  title info:
    sub title: Une étude de douze pays Africains = Differentiation and articulation in tertiary education systems
  title info: title
  name:
    name part: Ng’ethe, Njuguna
    role:
      role term: creator
  type of resource: text
  origin info:
    place:
      place term: xx
    place:
      place term: Washington
    publisher: World Bank
    date issued: 2008
    date issued: 9999
    issuance: monographic
  language:
    language term: und
  physical description:
    form: print
  abstract: This paper explores an area of tertiary education that is currently understudied the extent and nature of differentiation and articulation in African tertiary education systems. The overall finding of the study is that a binary system is dominant, characterized by universities and polytechnics as distinct types of institutions. Differentiation is clearly evident in Africa, though mostly horizontal as opposed to vertical. Articulation, on the other hand, seems to be in its infancy, as some universities, in their admission requirements, do not recognize polytechnic qualifications, and mobility between similar institution types is rare. National policy, market forces, institutional reforms, industry, and regional initiatives drive differentiation. Resource constraints, isomorphism, governance and funding structures, and the absence of debate over size and shape act as inhibitors. Demand for access appears to be the only driver for articulation, while national policies, internal governance structures, and industry/labor market inhibit growth.
  note: Njuguna Ng’ethe, George Subotzky, George Afeti
  subject:
    topic: Education, Higher,Giáo dục, sau đại học
  subject:
    geographic: Africa, Sub-Saharan,Châu Phi, Saharan
  classification: 378.67
  classification: N576
  record info:
    record creation date: 210402
    record identifier: CTU_138641