http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
Pro-poor subsidies for water connections in West Africa
This paper examines how well the schemes in West Africa (Senegal and Cote d'Ivoire) for making social and ordinary connections are working. A social connection, aimed at the poor, is free, whereas an ordinary connection, aimed at wealthier households, must be paid for.The paper calls for a reexamination of existing subsidy schemes to clarify whether the focus is on (a) improved water supply for the poorest; or (b) a higher level of service for the "relatively poor", who own their houses; or (c) providing private connections to ensure the financial viability of water systems.
Sylvie Debomy, Donald T. Lauria, Omar S. Hopkins