rdf-syntax-grammar
mods:
  schema location: http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
  title info:
    title: Financing water supply and sanitation investments
  title info:
    sub title: Utilizing risk mitigation instruments to bridge the financing gap
  title info: title
  name:
    name part: Baietti, Aldo
    role:
      role term: creator
  type of resource: text
  origin info:
    place:
      place term: xx
    date issued: 2005
    date issued: 9999
    issuance: monographic
  language:
    language term: und
  physical description:
    form: print
  abstract: More than 1.1 billion people worldwide do not have access to safe drinking water and 2.4 billion lack adequate sanitation facilities. Even in many countries with water supply systems, piped water is often intermittent and unsafe for drinking. Sanitation facilities are frequently inadequate or in disrepair. It is particularly difficult to attract private investment for water and sanitation projects, mainly because the water sector is subject to risks which include high capital intensity, political pressure on tariffs, deficient regulation, subsovereign risk and limited access to financing, insufficient knowledge of networks, and currency mismatch between revenues and financing sources. International financial institutions (IFIs) offer a number of risk mitigation instruments designed to reduce the risks that investors confront in doing business in developing countries, which are examined in this paper (financed by the Government of the Netherlands through the Bank-Netherlands Partnership Program (BNPP)). One of these measures is output-based aid, in which a government provides subsidies during the implementation phase of a project and links them to the operator’s performance. IFIs can also play a role in increasing local financial market access for private water projects. They can also help the government shield water infrastructure enterprises from severe macro and currency shocks through liquidity support.
  note: Aldo Baietti, Paolo Curiel
  subject:
    topic: Sanitation,Water supply,Cung cấp nước,Dịch vụ vệ sinh
  subject:
    topic: Internation cooporation,Accounting,Kế toán,Hợp tác quốc tế
  classification: 354.36
  classification: B164
  record info:
    record creation date: 210402
    record identifier: CTU_166346