01573nam a2200205Ia 4500 CTU_210447 210402s9999 xx 000 0 und d 87.00 530.41 J35 Janssen, Martin Fluctuations and localization in mesoscopic electron systems Martin Janssen Singapore World Scientific 2001 The quantum phenomena of tunnelling and interference show up not only in the microscopic world of atoms and molecules, but also in cold materials of the real world, such as metals and semiconductors. Though not fully macroscopic, such "mesoscopic" systems contain a huge number of particles, and the holistic nature of quantum mechanics becomes evident already in simple electronic measurements. The measured quantity fluctuates as a function of applied fields in an unpredictable, yet reproducible way. Despite this fingerprint character of fluctuations, their statistical properties are universal, ie. they are the same for a large class of different mesoscopic systems, having only very few parameters in common. Localization of electrons is a dramatic effect of destructive interference. As a consequence a metal can become an insulator while reaching mesoscopic scales. Quantum theory,Mesoscopic phenomena (Physics),Dao động (vật lý),Vật lý lượng tử,Hiện tượng vi mô (vật lý),Fluctuations (Physics) Qhieu Trung tâm Học liệu Trường Đại học Cần Thơ