Khảo cổ học tiền sử Miền Trung Việt Nam
The book Prehistoric Archaeology in Central Vietnam compiled and published this time is inherited, supplemenled and updated from the previous research works and as a direct result from conducting an excellently-accepted Ministrial-level scientific project in 2014: A study and and evaluation of the h...
Đã lưu trong:
| Những tác giả chính: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Định dạng: | Sách |
| Ngôn ngữ: | Vietnamese |
| Được phát hành: |
NXB. Khoa học xã hội
2021
|
| Những chủ đề: | |
| Truy cập trực tuyến: | http://scholar.dlu.edu.vn/handle/123456789/351 |
| Các nhãn: |
Thêm thẻ
Không có thẻ, Là người đầu tiên thẻ bản ghi này!
|
| Thư viện lưu trữ: | Thư viện Trường Đại học Đà Lạt |
|---|
| Tóm tắt: | The book Prehistoric Archaeology in Central Vietnam compiled and published this time is inherited, supplemenled and updated from the previous research works and as a direct result from conducting an excellently-accepted Ministrial-level scientific project in 2014: A study and and evaluation of the historical – cultural values of Vietnam through the prehistoric sites in Central and Plateau discovered and researched from 1998 to 2010 by Nguyen Khac Su under the direction of Archaeological Institute. The research results are presented in the following chapters.
Chaper one presents an overview on human geography; the archaeological discoveries and studies in Cantral, highlighting some phenomena specific to the region such as earthquakes, volcanoes, marine transgression and regression as well as other agents affecting the prehistoric residents; preliminarily introducing some local Austronesian and Austro-Asiatic athnic groups in relation to the prehistoric archaeolory in Central Vietnam.
The book has systemized the prehistoric archaeological records of Central, providing the objective, adequate and updated information for researchers, lecturers and cultural heritage managers; acknowledging the achieved research results; inheriting, improving and posing new problems that need further studying.
Chapter two introduces materials, defining the essential characteristics on sites, artifacts, dates and development phases; assessing the historical cultural values of the Paleolithic groups of sites known in Central.
The author thinks that the bifaccial and trihedral industries found in An Khe (Gia Lai) give a predicted date of 0.8 milion year belonging to the Lower Paleolithic – the earliest industries ever known in Central Vietnam – that is younger than the handaxe one Do Mount (Thanh Hoa).
The late Paleolithic in Central Vietnam is characterized by the earliest quart flake industry, typically in layers 9 and 10 of Con Moong cave (Thanh Hoa) and Tham Om cave (Nghe An) yielding the faunal remains of Pongo, Panda bear and Stegodon. It is Sonvian flaked pebble tool one distributed from Northern Central to Plateau.
Chapter three explores the fundamental contents of three phases of the Neolithic in Central Vietnam.
The early Neolithic sites (called the Hoabinhian horizontal) are distributed largely in caves and rockshelters in Northern Central. The middle Neolithic sites called the post-Hoabinhian horizontal comprise groups located in limestone mountains of Northern Cantral and the coastal plain like Da But (Thanh Hoa), Quynh Van (Nghe An), and Bau Du (Quang Nam); in the plateau like Ia Bong (Gia Lai), Buon Kieu (Dak Lak), Thon Tam (Dak Nong); and in the hilly area: Eo Bong (Phu Yen) and Gia Canh (Dong Nai). The stone tool manufacture, applying new subsistence strategies in response to particular localities; creating the unequal development; forming the prehistoric maritime cultures, the emergence of pottery and the improvement of polishing technique.
The late Neolithic phanse includes some archaeologial cultures distributed along the coastal Cantral such as Bau Tro, Thach Lac and Xom Con, wthich were in association with sea exploitation, cultivation, breeding and trading on the sea. These was an emergence of the hoe-using agriculture and highly specialized lithic workshop in such plateau cultures as Lung Leng, Bien Ho and Buon Triet. These cultures contributed to the formation of the Pre-Dong Son cultures developing into the Đong Son cultures in Northern Cantral or the Pre-Sa Huynh developing into the Sa Huynh in Southern Central, as a beginning for the convergence of civilizations of Vietnam.
Chapter four looks at the process of the prehistoric cultures in Central Vietnam from the Paleolithic to Neolithic, sketching the habitat, economic activities, social structures and the owners of site groups and typical cultures.
The owner of the Lower Paleolithic in Cantral Vietnam was Homo erectus represented with different stone technologies from 0.8 to 0.4 million years ago. These residential groups lived in a cold environment, doing the hunting and gathering in the from of the primitive human band.
The residential groups of the early Upper Paleolithic 4 – 6 ten thousand years ago were Homo sapiens, who knew to produce and use the quartz tools and inhabited in caves. Homo sapiens sapiens were the owner of the flaked pebble industries of Dieu and Sonvian, doing the hunting and gathering in a dry, cold condition, with the matriarchal social structure.
The early Neolithic in Central Vietnam from 7 to 17 thousand years ago was viewed as a best flourished phase of the Hoabinhian culture with the appearance of local typologies, stone grinding techniques and bone tool production, possibly early cultivation; correspomding with a from of the developed clan commune.
After 7,000 BP, past people moved out of the caves and occupied all types of landforms of Central Vietnam, creating various cultures or independent cultures with the specialized economic activities of exploitation, forming a number of the prehistoric social – economic zones that developed unequally; there were associations between clans in each tribe.
The late Neolithic, 4,000 – 3,000 BP, was marked by the formation of the maritime cultures with people who practised the sea exploitation, farming and breeding; the cultures on the red basalt land possessed the developed hoe-using agriculture and high-speciazation workshops of opal tool manufacture. The residential structure in this phase includes the grown clan communes in a close vicinity; these were several forms of links at a “village”, inter-villges and super-village levels in certain tribes.
The late Neolithic cultures in Central Vietnam progressed toward the integration into one of two cultures in Bronze Age of Vietnam. Such cultures sa Hoa Loc, Bau Tro and Thach Lac along with the Pre-Dong Son ones developing into the Dong Son in the basins of Ma river and Ca river. Such cultures as Bau Tro, Xom Con, Lung Leng and Bien Ho progressed through the Pre-Sa Huynh to the Sa Huynh. Likewise, in Northern Vietnam, the cultures of Mai Pha, Ha Giang, Ban Mon and Ha Long progressed via the Pre-Dong Son ones distributed in the mid-land of the Northern plain toward the formation of the Dong Son in the Red river basin.
The development process of the Neolithic in Central Vietnam as a law is characterized by the narrowing of cultural distribution area, the occupation of more landforms, the shortening of cultural existence duration and the increase in the unequal development among cultures. The Neolithic economic activities of Vietnam include the generalized hunting-gathering, gathering predominating over hunting, multi-crop agriculture at a beginning, the domestication of many plants at the same time, cultivation predominating over breeding.
Chapter five ascerntains the historical cultural values of the prehistoric sites in Central Vietnam through the comparative analyses of the cultural relationships between the Central and the North as well as between the Central and the South Vietnam and some Southeast Asian countries.
With such comparisons, the book argues that thera existed some stone tool industries in Central Vietnam which were not seen in other areas of Vietnam, for instance, the bifacial and trihedral-point industries in An Khe or the quartz flake one in Tham Om and the lower layer of Con Moong, whereas is absolutely no sign of the flake industries similar to Nguom, Lang Rongrien and Bach Lien Dong in here.
The Neolithicalizing road of Central Vietnam possesses its own traits different from other regions in Vietnam. In the early Neolithic, residents inhabited in limestone caves, then at time stepping into the middle Neolithic, most of them migrated down to the coastal areas, some moving up to Plateau and keeping their stay in caves. In each landform type, past people had their own way of adaptation to the environment via the dissimilar activities of resource exploitation and production as well as the formation of specialized cocio-economic sub-zones.
In the late Neolithic, the ancient residents in Cantral Vietnam reached at a high level of stone and pottery production and farming. Of which, the hoe-using farming and lithic workshops of manufacturing the opal and silex shouldered axes and quadrangular axes played a particularly important role in creating a foundation for the pervasion and unity over the large region of Plateau, even including the coastal area of Southern Central. Thanks to a settled life and farming, the residential communities in this phase were structured by both lineage and territory with the core villages.
The prehistoric archaeological sites in Central are of an important value in studying the history and culture of Vietnam and region, which is specifisd by some problems on the process of prehistoric cultural development; the human adaptation to the environment; workshop and social labour distribution; and Tradition and Renovation in the historical cultural process. The book also looks at the issue of conservation and promotion of cultural heritages; proposing the orientation of the archaeological study of Central Vietnam in future.
In this book, we used the research results of the Central archaeological special subjects by Nguyen Gia Doi, Nguyen Truong Dong, Le Hai Dang, Phan Thanh Toan and Le Xuan Hung; consulting the opinions of the archaeologists, paleo-anthropologists, paleo-ontologists, geologists and geophysicists. The author would like to thank all scientists for their viewpoints and Phan Than Toan, as a project secretary, for his making maps, illustrative drawings and pictures for the project and this book.
The author offers a gratitude to leaders and former leaders of the Institute of Archaeology for their encouragement and creating favourabte conditions for the completion of the project and the availability of this book. The author expresses a deep gratitude to Prof.Dr. Nguyen Xuan Thang, President of Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, for this publication. I would like to thank Assoc. Prof.Dr. Tong Trung Tin for his foreword.
We hope that this book will be helpful for all theso who are interested in looking into the remote past of loved Cantral Vietnam. Nonetheless, this is a special subject on the prehistory, embracing an extended spatial and temporal context in the condition of lacking documents. Therefore, shortcomings are unavoidable. I look forward to your suggestions. |
|---|