Biofuels: Production, Application and Development
At present we are living in a situation where the world’s demand for energy continues to increase at a predicted annual rate of 1.8%, especially as countries develop, while at the same time the supply of energy appears limited. The reason for this is that 75–85% of the world’s energy is suppli...
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| Tác giả chính: | |
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| Định dạng: | Sách |
| Ngôn ngữ: | English |
| Được phát hành: |
CABI
2014
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| Truy cập trực tuyến: | https://scholar.dlu.edu.vn/thuvienso/handle/DLU123456789/36858 |
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| Thư viện lưu trữ: | Thư viện Trường Đại học Đà Lạt |
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| Tóm tắt: | At present we are living in a situation where the world’s demand for energy continues
to increase at a predicted annual rate of 1.8%, especially as countries develop, while at
the same time the supply of energy appears limited. The reason for this is that 75–85%
of the world’s energy is supplied by the fossil fuels – coal, gas and oil (IEA, 2002;
Quadrelli and Peterson, 2007) – and the supply of these is finite. In addition, the burning of fossil fuels has increased the atmospheric concentration of some greenhouse gases
that are responsible for global warming. Other consequences of burning fossil fuels
include the production of acid rain, smog and an increase in atmospheric particles. In
addition, the world’s population is expected to expand at about 1% per year, which will
mean that global energy requirements will continue to rise. It is predicted that fossil
fuels will continue to dominate the energy market for some time and oil will be the most
heavily traded fuel. The Middle East contains the bulk of the oil reserves and, therefore,
much of the global oil supply will increasingly be obtained from this area. This will
increase the world’s vulnerability to price shocks caused by oil supply disruption from
this somewhat unstable area. Against this background, all countries’ (including the
UK’s) access to adequate energy supplies will become increasingly important at a time
when oil supplies are declining, such as the North Sea’s oil and gas. Alternative sources
of energy, which are renewable and with sustainable supplies, are required. Renewable
energy sources can provide a constant supply of energy, and examples are hydroelectricity, wind and wave power, and geothermal- and biological-based fuels. It would be
foolish to think that any one of these renewable energy sources could completely
replace fossil fuels. However, if each of the renewable sources can make a contribution,
when combined they may be able to replace fossil fuels, although this would probably
need to be in conjunction with a reduction in energy use, and an increase in its efficiency.
The challenge for all countries is therefore to move to a more secure, low-carbon energy
production, without undermining their economic and social development.
In this book, the problems associated with fossil fuel use are outlined, and how
the adoption of alternative fuels can mitigate global warming. Other chapters cover
biologically produced, solid, gaseous and liquid fuel production with their advantages
and disadvantages. |
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