Biology of Hevea Rubber
Rubber is an elastic substance obtained from the exudates of certain tropical plants (natural rubber) or derived from petroleum and natural gas (synthetic rubber). Because of its elasticity, resilience and toughness (Table 1.1), rubber is the basic constituent of tyres used in automotive vehic...
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| Định dạng: | Sách |
| Ngôn ngữ: | English |
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CABI
2014
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| Truy cập trực tuyến: | https://scholar.dlu.edu.vn/thuvienso/handle/DLU123456789/37055 |
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| Thư viện lưu trữ: | Thư viện Trường Đại học Đà Lạt |
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| Tóm tắt: | Rubber is an elastic substance obtained from the exudates of certain tropical
plants (natural rubber) or derived from petroleum and natural gas (synthetic
rubber). Because of its elasticity, resilience and toughness (Table 1.1), rubber is
the basic constituent of tyres used in automotive vehicles, aircraft and bicycles.
The same properties make it useful for machine belting and hoses of all kinds.
Rubber is also used in electrical insulation, and, because it is waterproof, it is a
favoured material for shoe soles. From mere rubber bands to catheters, condoms
and latex threads, rubber makes more than 50,000 products. A car has almost
30% of its components made of rubber.
Natural rubber is produced from over 7500 plant species (Compagnon,
1986), confi ned to 300 genera of seven families, namely the Euphorbiaceae,
Apocynaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Asteraceae, Moraceae, Papaveraceae and Sapo-
taceae (Archer and Audley, 1973; Heywood, 1978; Backhaus, 1985; Lewinsohn,
1991; John, 1992; Cornish et al., 1993) (Table 1.2). At least two fungal species
are also known to make natural rubber (Stewart et al., 1955). Hevea brasiliensis
(Willd. Ex. A. de. Juss. Müll-Arg.) is the almost exclusive contributor towards
natural rubber produced worldwide (Greek, 1991). Hevea trees descended from
seedlings transplanted from Brazil to South and South-east Asia that have under-
gone several cycles of breeding are now the prime source of the modern world’s
natural rubber. Natural rubber is produced in South-east Asia (92%), Africa (6%)
and Latin America (2%). The main producing countries are (by descending
order): Thailand (3.09 million t in 2008), Indonesia, Malaysia, India, China,
Vietnam, and also Sri Lanka, Brazil, Liberia, Côte d’Ivoire, the Philippines,
Cameroon, Nigeria, Cambodia, Guatemala, Myanmar, Ghana, Democratic
Republic of Congo, Gabon and Papua New Guinea. |
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